Transient-Execution Attacks: a Computer Architect Perspective

Spectre Attacks: Exploiting Speculative Execution

Modern processors use branch prediction and speculative execution to maximize performance. For example, if the destination of a branch depends on a memory value that is in the process of being read, CPUs will try guess the destination and attempt to execute ahead. When the memory value finally arrives, the CPU either discards or commits the speculative computation. Speculative logic is unfaithf...

Transient cerebral ischemic attacks.

“Stroke” is defined as rapid onset of focal neurological deficit, resulting from diseases of the cerebral vasculature and its contents. The term “transient ischemic attacks” (TIA) implies warning symptoms of stroke usually lasting upto 30 minutes to one hour, and complete recovery within 24 hours. Second TIA often causes more damage than the first. Without proper treatment one out of ten subjec...

Transient cerebral ischaemic attacks.

Transient ischaemic attacks.

Each day, about 25 Australians experience a transient ischaemic attack of the brain or eye. These people need to be distinguished from those who suffer "funny turns" due to other causes because, as a group, they have a significant risk of stroke and other vascular events. This risk can be substantially reduced through control of vascular risk factors, use of long term antithrombotic medication ...

Transient ischemic attacks: stratifying risk.

In recent years, it has become clear that the risk of stroke after a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor ischemic stroke is higher than was previously supposed, with consistent reports of 7-day stroke risks of up to 10%,1–4 and other evidence of the very short time-window for prevention of stroke after a TIA.5 However, patients with TIA and minor stroke are a highly heterogeneous group in ...